MENA Governments Middle East and North Africa Research Guides at George Washington University

To make things worse, the country has been without a functioning government since the end of October as a new president has not been elected, further delaying crucial reforms to improve economic and monetary governance. Lebanon (24) has been caught in a spiral of economic, political and social disasters since its financial sector imploded as a result of overspending and corruption in 2019, exacerbated by the devastating Beirut port explosion of the following year. To make things worse, the country has been without a functioning government since the end of October, further delaying crucial reforms to improve economic and monetary governance. As the demand for education at all levels has increased, so have the models of meeting these increased demands for education.

In addition to lacking control over budget performance, budget management is severely undermined in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. In the absence of parliamentary oversight, some political decisions do not necessarily serve the common good, but personal interests. Civil society organisations are not engaged in public administration and public financial management processes. While the justice system is inadequately independent, the executive is flawed by poor transparency. Through this coursework and high-impact research trips to the region, our students have exceptional opportunities to deepen their expertise on the Middle East.

Defense & Security Affairs

Following the conclusion of World War I in 1918 and the fall of the Ottoman Empire in 1922, many former Ottoman territories not already under European control were colonized by European countries via League of Nations mandates. While European powers were instrumental in establishing the first independent governments that emerged from the Ottoman Empire, the mandatory period was brief, primarily spanning the interwar period and World War II. Interest in national self-determination further increased during the mandatory period, and accelerated as the process of decolonization began in the region following the end of World War II in 1948. These are mostly the monarchies (such as Jordan, Morocco, and Saudi Arabia) where royal families have ruled for generations, often since the country’s independence.

It is too early to offer any confident assessment on the political objective Hamas had for its attack on Israel and on its civilians. Certainly, Israel will not go back to its previous modus vivendi with the Islamist resistance movement. While everyone understands this basic fact, the insistence to keep ignoring the root of the problem—the occupation—can only keep spelling disaster. If you have any questions about how we are supporting government transformation, please complete the below form and we’ll contact you as soon as we can.

Government Fund Profiles in Middle East

While the United States puts its full weight behind Israel, it ought to more fully consider the fate of Palestinians. America’s green light to Israel is sure to encourage it to cross some very bright redlines. This could very well turn the United States into Israel’s unwitting partner in the reoccupation of Gaza—and all that that means for U.S. policy in the Middle East. If you ask PA officials in Ramallah, they’ll tell you there is no way they want any association with either the mass killing that has taken place in Israel or that is in the offing in Gaza. Palestinians in Gaza have only ever known forced displacement (most of them are refugees or descendants of refugees from 1948) or military occupation since the 1967 Arab-Israeli War. Since 2007, as punishment for the Hamas takeover of the strip, they have been cut off from the outside world in every aspect of their daily lives—from seeking cancer treatment to being able to study abroad—by a foreign, occupying army.

Corruption, conflict and security are profoundly intertwined – and nowhere is this more evident than the Middle East and North Africa. As the least peaceful region in the world according to the Global Peace Index, it exemplifies the myriad ways in which corruption and violence fuel each other. We convene the most important stakeholders on issues of primary concern to the transatlantic community when it comes the Middle East and North Africa, from senior US and Middle East government officials to civil society activists and budding entrepreneurs.

Policy Center

One of the largest MENA economies and countries, Turkey struggles to navigate a delicate pathway between upholding the legacies of its Kemalist state, tolerating maximal pluralism in a diverse society, and maintaining the democratic balance in between its elections. Our international conflict resolution dialogues bring together civil society and political leaders to achieve impact through cooperation both in and outside of the region. MEI’s Syria Program seeks to provide insightful and grounded research and analysis on all things Syria in order to better inform a wide range of audiences and to help sustain and shape a more meaningful policy-oriented discussion. Drawing on the expertise of over a dozen renowned scholars, the Syria Program covers all aspects of Syria and its ongoing crises — from political, economic, legal, social, ethnic and religious dynamics, to conflict, insurgency and terrorism and the country’s history and possible futures. In parallel, citizens have risen up to demand accountability, reforms, and an end to corruption and incompetence. In such critical times, MEI’s dedicated Lebanon program seeks to inform and advance the policy conversation on Lebanon in the United States and globally.

• This book provides in-depth examination of the recent confrontation between Islamists and secularists in Egypt and Tunisia.
• Expatriates from Arab countries contribute to the circulation of financial and human capital in the region and thus significantly promote regional development.
• This book provides an analysis of the relationship between the Egyptian army and the Muslim Brotherhood (MB).
• This exciting new edition of the successful textbook for students of Middle Eastern politics provides a highly relevant and comprehensive introduction to the complexities of a region in constant flux.
• Recent efforts in the region have almost entirely focused on the Abraham Accords and on the false impression that peace is possible in the region without coming to terms with the Palestinians under occupation.

Because of the arid climate and heavy reliance on the fossil fuel industry, the Middle East is both a heavy contributor to climate change and a region expected to be severely negatively impacted by it. In a region where religion heavily influences politics, the Muslim Brotherhood is arguably the most influential political Islamist group. Founded in Egypt in 1928, the Muslim Brotherhood gained legitimacy for its resistance to the British occupation, calling for governance in accordance with Islamic law, or sharia. One of the group’s founding fathers, https://www.metadialog.com/government/ Sayyid Qutb, went on to preach armed struggle (jihad) against Egypt’s secular government, a principle later adopted by extremist groups such as al-Qaeda, the Islamic State, and Hamas. Egypt’s authoritarian leaders have long viewed the Muslim Brotherhood as a political threat, arresting thousands of the group’s members and even executing its top leaders, including Qutb. The Muslim Brotherhood renounced violence in the 1970s, but they continue to organize politically—even achieving a short-lived election to Egypt’s presidency in 2012.

Arab Republic of Egypt

DTTL (also referred to as “Deloitte Global”) and each of its member firms and related entities are legally separate and independent entities, which cannot obligate or bind each other in respect of third parties. DTTL and each DTTL member firm and related entity is liable only for its own acts and omissions, and not those of each other. The Ministry of Transport, Communications and Information Technology (MTCIT) stated that by launching the first phase of the National Unified E-Government Services Portal, more than 80 e-services will be rendered to citizens and businesses. With artificial intelligence (AI), 5G, cloud and the Internet of Things (IoT) among the leading areas for spending, AI itself is expected to contribute more than $300 billion to the Middle East’s GDP by 2031.

Tareq Y. Ismael is a professor of political science at the University of Calgary, Canada, and the Secretary General of the International Association of Middle Eastern Studies. He has published extensively on the Middle East, Iraq, international studies, and the political ideologies of the Middle East. Opponents of American intervention in Afghanistan and Iraq have, however, criticized that democracy cannot be imposed from outside.

Development, Democracy, and Dictatorship

The book’s individual chapters, each written by a country specialist, cover states from Iran in the East to Morocco in the West. It also contains a chapter on “The Palestinians,” not the “State of Palestine.” The United Nations granted Palestine non-member observer state status in 2012. By September 2015, 136 countries (over 70 percent of UN member states) had granted it state recognition. This collection, however, follows the US-Israeli position by not identifying Palestine as a state. Nonetheless, Glenn E. Robinson, the author of the chapter on the Palestinians, penned a well-written, informative contribution on the subject.

Building on Timothy Mitchell’s seminal 1991 exploration of the «Limits of the State,» this book brings together contributions on the state in the Arab world from the past and present in an edited volume. Altered States views the state less as a matter of people and institutions and more as sets of… Providing an in-depth and extensive analysis of the concept of power as articulated

by Muhammad Husayn Fadlallah (1935–2010), this case study analyses the

systemic conceptualisation of power and his argumentation of sacralising

Islamised power. Focusing on the 25 January 2011 Egyptian revolution, this book traces its affective and emotional dynamics into the local realties and everyday politics of the urban subaltern, exploring the impact of revolutionary participation on protestors’ engagement in street politics. This book provides in-depth examination of the recent confrontation between Islamists and secularists in Egypt and Tunisia. Presenting a new approach to understand Islamism and secularism, the research addresses the variables that could affect the outcome of transitional negotiations.

European ethnic groups that form a diaspora in the region include Albanians, Bosniaks, Circassians (including Kabardians), Crimean Tatars, Greeks, Franco-Levantines, Italo-Levantines, and Iraqi Turkmens. Among other migrant populations are Chinese, Filipinos, Indians, Indonesians, Pakistanis, Pashtuns, Romani, and Afro-Arabs. The world’s earliest civilizations, Mesopotamia (Sumer, Akkad, Assyria and Babylonia), ancient Egypt and Kish in the Levant, all originated in the Fertile Crescent and Nile Valley regions of the ancient Near East. These were followed by the Hittite, Greek, Hurrian and Urartian civilisations of Asia Minor; Elam, Persia and Median civilizations in Iran, as well as the civilizations of the Levant (such as Ebla, Mari, Nagar, Ugarit, Canaan, Aramea, Mitanni, Phoenicia and Israel) and the Arabian Peninsula (Magan, Sheba, Ubar). The Near East was first largely unified under the Neo Assyrian Empire, then the Achaemenid Empire followed later by the Macedonian Empire and after this to some degree by the Iranian empires (namely the Parthian and Sassanid Empires), the Roman Empire and Byzantine Empire.